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The Making of Europe's Critical Infrastructure

Common Connections and Shared Vulnerabilities

P. Högselius; A. Hommels; A. Kaijser; E. van der Vleuten

978-1-137-35873-8

2013
Edition 1
- Topic: Critical infrastructure belongs to the most pressing policy issues of the 21st century. Failures in such infrastructure put companies, administrations, and citizens at risk. Because of these new vulnerabilities and risks, Critical Infrastructure has become a major concern for policy makers, companies, NGO's, and scholars in North America, Europe and elsewhere in the world. In the 2000s the E.U. and its Member States have put elaborate Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) programs in place, and critical infrastructure became a field of academic inquiry. Critical Infrastructure Protection today is a leading EU policy domain
- Historical approach: Presentday policy and academic CI studies tend to take the emergence of infrastructure and its vulnerabilities for granted, or vaguely blame them on 'globalization'. They are in urgent need of historical contextualization. The book studies the emergence and governance of critical infrastructure and its vulnerabilities as a historical process. We show, for the first time, that Europe's presentday infrastructure and its vulnerabilities stem from concrete historical processes, choices, and power games (mainly post194, in which historical agents interpreted, negotiated, and prioritized some infrastructure connections and vulnerabilities at the expense of others. Even the very interpretation of infrastructure as 'risky' or 'reliable' was subject to disagreement, conflict, and historical change. These historical processes frame present day perceptions of critical infrastructure vulnerability. Policy makers and academics need to be aware of this historical legacy in order to transcend it (rather than unknowingly reproducing it)
- Transnational approach: Prominent critical infrastructure scholars argue that Europe's presentday vulnerabilities reside precisely in their crossborder character. And yet, CI studies have overwhelmingly focused on national infrastructure issues (and to some extent the EU critical infrastructure policy process). They by and large failed to critically examine the transnational dynamics and spatial distribution of infrastructure vulnerabilities: Who was connected in joint vulnerability to whom and why? This book fills the gap
- Active investigation of Europe: Those CI studies that do address crossborder risks take 'Europe' as a given, which they unreflexively equate with presentday EU territory and governance: They presuppose EU territory as their selfevident unit of analysis, and EU governance as the 'natural' agent to handle such risks. By contrast, this book does not take 'Europe' as a given but actively investigates how the very shaping of 'Europe' entwined with the shaping of critical infrastructure. We link up to new transnational history interpretations of Europe, which avoid interpreting Europe as a teleological integration story that naturally ends with the EU version of European integration. In particular we follow the body of scholarship that studies Europe's 'hidden' (Misa and Schot 200 integration and fragmentation processes in the spheres of science, technology, and enterprise. We inquire how transnational critical infrastructure and its risks produced particular forms of European integration and fragmentation in an openended process, in which EU borders and governance were/are just one out of several options next to other forms of international or decentralized organization
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